Communist Party of Finland

Communist Party of Finland
Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue
Founded August 29, 1918 (1918-08-29)
Dissolved 1992
Split from Social Democratic Party of Finland
Merged into Left Alliance
Youth wing Young Communist League of Finland
Ideology Marxism-Leninism
Eurocommunism
National affiliation SKDL
International affiliation Comintern
Official colors red
Politics of Finland
Political parties
Elections

The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, Swedish: Finlands kommunistiska parti, abbreviated SKP) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.

SKP did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920's the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both were banned by the state. In 1944, a new front, Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.

Contents

Early stages

In 1918 the "Reds" lost the Finnish Civil War. The Social Democratic Party of Finland had supported the losing side, and several of its leaders were refugees in the Soviet Union. Some of these refugees founded the Communist Party of Finland in Moscow.

The SKP was illegal in Finland until 1944. After the Continuation War the SKP dominated the Finnish People's Democratic League, which was founded in 1944 as an umbrella organization of the radical left wing.

Cold War

The era of the Cold War was the "golden age" of Communists in Finland. Between 1944 and 1979 support of the Finnish People's Democratic League was in the range of 17%–24%. Communists participated in several cabinets, but Finland never had a communist Prime Minister or President. In the mid 1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 40 000 (1.44% of the working age population).[1] The SKP received substantial financial support from the Soviet Union during the Cold War (Rentola 1997, p. 177). Soviet threats to withdraw support were the main reason why reformists didn't expel the hardline Stalinist minority (Taistoists, after Taisto Sinisalo. The word "taisto" also means "battle" or "fight". The double connotation made this slur, originally launched by the largest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, stick. ) from the party leadership or membership.

The youth wing of the SKP was the Communist Youth League of Finland (SKNL, 1925–1936). After World War II young communists were active in the SKDL's Democratic Youth League of Finland (SNDL). SNDL was member of World Federation of Democratic Youth.

The SKP's main rival for domination of the political left was the Social Democratic Party of Finland. The competition was very bitter in trade unions and other leftist organizations. The Communists gradually lost ground and were weakened by internal disputes. Taistoists often attacked the more Eurocommunist party leadership. In practice, the party consisted of two parallel structures. In 1985–1986 a large number of Taistoists, hundreds of party organizations with thousands of members, were expelled. They regrouped as Communist Party of Finland (Unity) (SKPy) which later evolved into the current Communist Party of Finland.

Collapse

The collapse of the Soviet Union led to ideological conflicts within the party, and bitter internal disputes plagued the party. The bad investments made during Aalto's reign resulted in financial bankruptcy in 1992. The SKP never recovered. A majority of the party members, with other member organizations of SKDL, formed the Left Alliance in 1990.

SKPy, originally the faction of the party expelled in 1985–1986, outlasted its parent and registered itself as the Communist Party of Finland in 1997 but has been unable to regain the former Communist Party's parliamentary representation. Its vote share in the elections of 2007 was 0.7%.

Leaders

Chairmen
Yrjö Sirola 1918–1920
Kullervo Manner 1920–1935
Hannes Mäkinen 1935–1937[2]
Jukka Lehtosaari 1937–1938[2]
Aimo Aaltonen 1944–1945 &
1948–1966
Aaro Uusitalo 1945–1948
Aarne Saarinen 1966–1982
Jouko Kajanoja 1982–1984
Arvo Aalto 1984–1988
Jarmo Wahlström 1988–1990
Heljä Tammisola 1990–1992
    General secretaries
Arvo Tuominen 1935–1940
Ville Pessi 1944–1969
Arvo Aalto 1969–1977 &
1981–1984
Erkki Kivimäki 1977–1981
Aarno Aitamurto 1984–1985
Esko Vainionpää 1985–1988
Heljä Tammisola 1988–1990
Asko Mäki 1990–1992

References

  1. ^ Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development, in The American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 122.
  2. ^ a b Joni Krekola: Stalinismin lyhyt kurssi (SKS 2006), p. 108.
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